In the context of Scottish clans, the various forms of the name refer to one of the largest clans, Clan Donald.
Frequency and distribution
Frequency data from England of 1891 shows a concentration of families bearing the "Macdonald" surname in Lancashire and Yorkshire with a lower frequency in the northernmost counties, but overall widespread distribution throughout the country. "McDonald" shares the same pattern of distribution. Looking at contemporaneous data from the United States, coast-to-coast distribution of both "Macdonald" and "McDonald" appears in 1880. Looking back to 1840 in the United States, the prevalence of "McDonald" is far greater than that of "Macdonald", with concentration in the Ohio-Pennsylvania-New York corridor.
Notable people: MacDonald surname
Born after 1400
John of Islay, Earl of Ross (1434–1503), or "John MacDonald", Scottish ruler, Fourth Lord of the Isles and Chief of the Highland Clan Donald
Born after 1700
Jacques MacDonald (1765–1840), French Duke of Tarento and Marshal of the Empire under Napoleon I (2nd generation French; father was Scottish)
John Small MacDonald (c.1791–1849), Canadian businessman and provincial politician
Born after 1800
Claude Maxwell MacDonald (1852–1915), British soldier and diplomat
George MacDonald (1824–1905), Scottish-English author, poet, and Christian minister
Hector MacDonald (1853–1903), Scottish Major-General of the British Army under Lord Kitchener
John Alexander Macdonald (1815–1891), first Prime minister of Canada
John L. MacDonald (1838–1903), Scottish-American national politician
Pirie MacDonald (1867–1942), American portrait photographer
Ramsay MacDonald (1866–1937), Scottish politician, twice Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (son of "Macdonald" father and "Ramsay" mother, registered at birth as "James McDonald Ramsay")
Ranald MacDonald (1834–1894), Scottish-Chinook educator. First man to teach the English language in Japan
William Josiah MacDonald (1873–1946), American lawyer and national politician
A. B. MacDonald, American journalist
Born after 1900
Jeanette MacDonald (1903–1965), American singer and actress
John MacDonald (rower) (1908–1982), New Zealand rower
Ian MacDonald (actor) (1914–1978), American actor and director during the 1940s and 1960s
Ross Macdonald (1915–1983), pseudonym of the American-Canadian writer Kenneth Millar
John D. MacDonald (1916–1986), American novelist
Charles B. MacDonald (1922–1990), American World War II soldier and military historian
Peter MacDonald (Navajo leader) (born 1928) former chairman of the Navajo Nation
Jeffrey R. MacDonald (born 1943), American murderer
Kevin B. MacDonald (born 1944), American psychology academic
John MacDonald (Canadian musician) (born 1948), Canadian musician of the French horn (current residence, Germany)
Born after 1950
Alan MacDonald (rugby union) (born 1985), Scottish rugby union player
Andrew McDonald (water polo) (born 1955), American water polo player
Ann-Marie MacDonald (born 1958), Canadian playwright, novelist, actor and broadcast journalist (born in West Germany to Canadian military parents)
Garry MacDonald, English footballer
Heidi MacDonald, American comic book editor and comics critic
Jason MacDonald (born 1975), Canadian Mixed martial artist
Kevin MacDonald (footballer) (born 1960), Scottish footballer
Kirk MacDonald (ice hockey), Canadian ice hockey player
Kirk MacDonald (politician), member of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick
Mike MacDonald, French-Canadian comedian and actor
Roddie MacDonald (born 1954), Scottish footballer
Roddy (R.S.) MacDonald, Scottish-Australian Pipe Major and composer (26 year residence in England)
Shaun MacDonald (born 1988), Welsh footballer
William J. MacDonald (writer and producer), American television writer and producer
Notable people: Macdonald surname
Born after 1800
John Sandfield Macdonald (1812–1872), Canadian national politician, First Premier of Ontario
Sir John A. Macdonald (1815–1891), Scottish-Canadian national politician, first Prime Minister of Canada
Donald Alexander Macdonald (1817–1896), Canadian national politician
John Macdonald (Canadian politician) (1824–1890), Scottish-Canadian merchant, churchman, philanthropist and national politician
William Christoper Macdonald (1831–1917), Scottish-Canadian tobacco manufacturer, philanthropist
Charles B. Macdonald (1855–1939), American golfer, introduced the first 18-hole course in the United States (2nd generation American, born to Scottish father and Canadian mother)
Harry Macdonough (born "John Macdonald" 1871–1931), Canadian singer and recording executive
John Alexander Macdonald (Prince Edward Island politician) (1874–1948), Canadian national politician
Captain Murdo Stewart MacDonald (1852–1938) the last Sea Baron and Lloyds Surveyor of Shipping
William Alexander Macdonald (fl. 1890's), Canadian provincial politician
William Ross Macdonald (1891–1976), Canadian national politician (2nd generation Canadian born to Scottish immigrant father)
Born after 1900
Archibald 'Archie' James Florence Macdonald (1904–1983), British Liberal MP
Dwight Macdonald (1906–1982) American writer, editor, social critic, philosopher, and political radical.
John Michael Macdonald (1906–1997), Canadian national politician
James David Macdonald (ornithologist) (1908–2002), British and Australian ornithologist
Margaret Mary Macdonald (1910–1968), Canadian national politician
Callum Macdonald (publisher) (1912–1999), Scottish publisher who specialised in poetry
James David Macdonald (politician) (born 1922), Canadian politician
Ian G. Macdonald (born 1928), English mathematician, a prominent contributor to algebraic combinatorics
Ian Macdonald (Australian politician) (born 1945), Australian national politician
Born after 1950
Sir Ken Macdonald QC (born 1953), British barrister, Director of Public Prosecutions and Head of the Crown Prosecution Service (2003–2008)
Norm Macdonald (born 1963), Canadian comedian/actor
Kelly Macdonald (born 1976), Scottish actress
Amy Macdonald (born 1987), Scottish singer/songwriter
Amy MacDonald (writer) (born 1951), American writer and journalist
Ian Macdonald (New South Wales politician) (living), Australian state politician
Kevin Macdonald (director), Film director (The Last King of Scotland, Touching the Void)
Dame Mary Macdonald (born 1950), Head Teacher, honoured for Services to Education
Notable people: McDonald surname
Born after 1800
William Jesse McDonald (1852–1918), leader of the Texas Ranger Division and bodyguard to Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson
Eugene F. McDonald (1886–1958), American entrepreneur, founder of Zenith Radio
James Grover McDonald (1886–1964), American diplomat, first Ambassador to Israel
Born after 1900
Sir Arthur McDonald (1903–1996), British West Indian-English Royal Air Force Air Marshal
Marie McDonald (1923–1965), American film actress
Walt McDonald (born 1934), American poet, academic, Poet Laureate of Texas
Very Revd Dr Alexander McDonald (born 1937), Scottish Minister of the Church of Scotland
Sir Trevor McDonald (born "George McDonald" 1939), Trinidadian-born British news presenter
Country Joe McDonald (born 1942), American musician and activist
Ian McDonald (musician) (born 1946), English rock musician
Mac McDonald (born 1949), American actor
Roy McDonald (poet) (born 1937), Canadian poet and busker
Roy McDonald (politician) (born 1946) New York State Senator
Susan Marshall McDonald (1918–1992), philatelist of Ohio,
Laurier McDonald (born 1931), Texas Attorney, Historian, Author.
Born after 1950
Hugh McDonald (musician) (born 1950), American musician, bassist
Christopher McDonald (actor) (born 1955), American actor
Ian McDonald (author) (born 1960), English science fiction novelist (residence in Northern Ireland)
Daniel McDonald (actor) (1960–2007), American actor
Kevin McDonald (born 1961), Canadian comedian and actor
Neil McDonald (born 1965), former English professional footballer turned coach
Rod McDonald (born 1967), English footballer
David Tennant (born "McDonald" 1971), Scottish actor
John McDonald (born 1974), American professional baseball player
Andy McDonald (born 1977), Canadian professional ice hockey player
Shawn McDonald (born 1978), American Christian singer, songwriter and guitarist
Mark McDonald (born 1980), Scottish politician
Scott McDonald (born 1983), Australian footballer
Kevin McDonald (footballer born 1985) (born 1985), English footballer
Kevin McDonald (footballer born 1988) (born 1988), Scottish footballer
Clayton McDonald (born 1988), English footballer
Pseudonyms
Ian MacDonald (born "MacCormick" 1948–2003), British music critic and author.
Relationships
Brothers: J.S. Macdonald (b.1812) ↔ D.A. Macdonald (b.1817)
Brothers: C. McDonald (b.1955) ↔ D. McDonald (b.1960)
Father-son: A. McDonald (b.1937) → D. Tennant (McDonald) (b.1971)
Father-Daughter-in-Law: J.A. Macdonald (b.1874) → M.M. Macdonald (b.1910)
Notable fictional characters
Domenica Macdonald, fictional character in the 44 Scotland Street series by Alexander McCall Smith.
Old McDonald or Old MacDonald, farmer featured in the children's song "Old McDonald Had a Farm"
Ronald McDonald, the mascot for the McDonald's fast food chain.
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